Acanthamebosis corneumonia is a serious but rare infectious disease of the eye, caused by amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba. This organism is commonly found in soil, fresh water, swimming pools and even tap water. Infection most commonly affects contact lens wearers, particularly those who do not follow hygiene guidelines or rinse their lenses with tap water. Symptoms of acanthamoebiasis include severe eye pain, redness, photophobia, tearing and a loss of visual acuity. The pain is often disproportionately severe compared to the clinical symptoms observed on examination. The disease can lead to deep corneal ulceration and, in advanced cases, to loss of the eye. Diagnosis is based on microscopic examination and culture of material taken from the cornea. Treatment is difficult and protracted, involving specialist antiprotozoal drugs administered both topically and systemically. In refractory cases, a corneal transplant may be necessary. Early detection of the infection is crucial for preserving vision.
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