This is a group of inflammatory conditions in which the immune system attacks the eye’s own tissues, particularly the uvea, which comprises the iris, the ciliary body and the choroid. It may occur on its own or be associated with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet’s disease or ankylosing spondylitis. Symptoms include eye pain, photophobia, redness, blurred vision and the presence of opacities. The inflammation may be acute or chronic, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as glaucoma, cataracts or optic nerve atrophy. Diagnosis is based on an ophthalmological examination, and often also on laboratory and imaging tests. Treatment involves the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs – topically (eye drops), systemically (steroids, immunosuppressants) or directly into the eye. The condition requires close collaboration between an ophthalmologist and a rheumatologist, and treatment is long-term. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible damage to vision.
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