We live in a time of extremely rapid development of knowledge in various areas of human interest. The most conspicuous of these is technology in its broadest sense and the inventions associated with it. It is surprising how quickly we get used to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As recently as the beginning of the 20th century, people rarely travelled further distances, and the means of transport were mainly horse-drawn vehicles or - much less frequently - railways. Meanwhile, less than 70 years later, the first humans landed on the moon! It is no different with the pace of progress in ophthalmology, which draws heavily on developments in technical sciences, while at the same time inspiring the search for new ideas and solutions in various university, research or corporate centres. The desire for better and better diagnosis of eye diseases and their treatment options, the cooperation of doctors and engineers, results in the constant emergence of new devices that allow effects that were unimaginable until recently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
One of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century is the LASER, a device for emitting light with special properties not found in nature. It makes it possible to transmit energy over a distance with very high precision and to control its size and area of operation while transmitting information. The use of lasers is now so widespread that life as we live today would be impossible without them. The entire multimedia industry (e.g. CD, DVD, blu-ray players) and telecommunications High (telephones, internet) are based on lasers. It is also an important link in direct manufacturing (machine tools, jigsaws), surveying, military and space technology and, last but not least, medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ophthalmology was very quick to find applications for this technology just a few years after its invention in 1960. Today, ophthalmic lasers are used for both diagnosis and therapy of eye diseases. Diagnosis, using lasers, is primarily the scanning of the optic nerve disc and the thickness of the nerve fibres in glaucoma. Therapeutic lasers are used to treat diseases of the retina, with particular emphasis on diabetic retinopathy<\/a>. Stosowane s\u0105 tak\u017ce w zabiegach przeciwjaskrowych oraz w niewielkim stopniu do usuwania cataracts<\/a>. S\u0105 to ogromnie cenne narz\u0119dzia, kt\u00f3rym miliony os\u00f3b zawdzi\u0119czaj\u0105 ocalenie przed \u015blepot\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, the most spectacular application of lasers in ophthalmology in recent years is the possibility of correcting the optical system of the eye in such a way that people who permanently wear glasses can get rid of them - or at least become largely independent of them! How is this possible? People who have poor vision without glasses (we are talking about vision from a distance, i.e. 4-5 metres and beyond) have inadequate breaking power (in dioptres) of the optical system of the eye in relation to the length of the eyeball. As we cannot change the length of the eye, we need to make changes to the optical system. The main part of the optical system is the cornea located centrally in the front, which is the transparent part of the eyeball wall. The outer part of the cornea is shaped like the surface of a sphere. Changing the optical power of the cornea is possible by changing its outer curvature, i.e. making it flatter (for a minus defect) or convex (for a plus defect).<\/p>\n\n\n\n A special excimer laser operating in the ultraviolet, invisible to the eye, has been invented for the purpose described above. By generating very short pulses emitted in a series, it gradually, step by step, alters the surface of the cornea by modelling small parts of it, just as an artist shapes material to bring out an imaginary figure. Today, treatments laser vision correction<\/a>, dzi\u0119ki licznym automatycznym systemom zabezpieczaj\u0105cym, s\u0105 wyj\u0105tkowo bezpieczne. Na niemal 40 milion\u00f3w przeprowadzonych zabieg\u00f3w nikt nie o\u015blep\u0142, a wg ameryka\u0144skich statystyk rz\u0105dowych 98% pacjent\u00f3w z ma\u0142\u0105 lub umiarkowan\u0105 \u2013 oraz 84% z du\u017c\u0105 kr\u00f3tkowzroczno\u015bci\u0105<\/a> \u2013 uzyskuje idealn\u0105 (20\/20) lub lepsz\u0105 ostro\u015b\u0107 widzenia. Aby by\u0142o to mo\u017cliwe, zespo\u0142y badawcze musia\u0142y rozwi\u0105za\u0107 szereg problem\u00f3w, takich jak: okre\u015blenie sposobu oddzia\u0142ywania energii laserowej na tkank\u0119 rog\u00f3wki, okre\u015blenie d\u0142ugo\u015bci fali \u015bwiat\u0142a laserowego, jego energii, d\u0142ugo\u015bci trwania impulsu i czasu jego powtarzania. Wszystko to oparte jest na skomplikowanych wzorach matematycznych, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cna by\u0142o ustali\u0107, w jaki spos\u00f3b zaprogramowa\u0107 komputer steruj\u0105cy prac\u0105 lasera tak, aby uzyska\u0107 zamierzony efekt. Innymi s\u0142owy \u2013 ile i w kt\u00f3rym miejscu odseparowa\u0107 fragment\u00f3w tkanki rog\u00f3wki, aby dopasowa\u0107 jej si\u0142\u0119 \u0142ami\u0105c\u0105 \u015bwiat\u0142o do d\u0142ugo\u015bci ga\u0142ki ocznej. Wspomnian\u0105 technologi\u0119 bez w\u0105tpienia mo\u017cna okre\u015bli\u0107 mianem high-tech, czyli cechuj\u0105c\u0105 si\u0119 najwy\u017cszym stopniem zaawansowania \u2013 wykorzystuj\u0105c\u0105 najnowsze odkrycia naukowe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n W ostatnich latach w obszarze laserowej korekcji wzroku pojawi\u0142 si\u0119 jeszcze jeden typ lasera nazywany femtosekundowym z powodu bardzo kr\u00f3tkiego pojedynczego impulsu. Jest on stosowany do wst\u0119pnego przygotowania oka przed w\u0142a\u015bciw\u0105 korekcj\u0105 laserem excimerowym. Zast\u0119puje stosowany do tej pory n\u00f3\u017c zwany mikrokeratomem. Laser femtosekundowy daje o wiele wi\u0119ksze mo\u017cliwo\u015bci korekcji wad wzroku (wi\u0119ksze wady), a tak\u017ce wi\u0119ksze bezpiecze\u0144stwo \u2013 mniejsze ryzyko powik\u0142a\u0144 \u015br\u00f3doperacyjnych i szybsze gojenie oka. Stosuje si\u0119 go tak\u017ce przy korygowaniu sto\u017cka rog\u00f3wki<\/a> oraz przy wykonywaniu przeszczep\u00f3w rog\u00f3wki.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u017byjemy w czasach niezwykle szybkiego rozwoju wiedzy w r\u00f3\u017cnych obszarach zainteresowa\u0144 cz\u0142owieka. Najbardziej widocznym z nich jest szeroko poj\u0119ta technika i wynalazki z ni\u0105 zwi\u0105zane. Zadziwiaj\u0105ce jak szybko si\u0119 do nich przyzwyczajamy. Jeszcze na pocz\u0105tku XX wieku ludzie rzadko przemieszczali si\u0119 na dalsze odleg\u0142o\u015bci, a \u015brodkiem lokomocji by\u0142y g\u0142\u00f3wnie pojazdy konne lub \u2013 du\u017co rzadziej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"dipi_cpt_category":[],"class_list":["post-2020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciekawostki-medyczne"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t